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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Kent Miners' Association ： ウィキペディア英語版 Kent Miners' Association The Kent Miners' Association was a trade union in the United Kingdom which existed between 1915 and 1945, representing coal miners in the county of Kent. After 1945 it was reorganised as the Kent Area of the National Union of Mineworkers. ==Early history== Coal was discovered in Kent in the late-19th century, but extraction did not begin until 1912.〔Nigel Yates, ''Kent in the Twentieth Century'', pp.30-35〕 The Kent Miners Association was established in 1915, and immediately affiliated to the Miners' Federation of Great Britain.〔Arthur Marsh and Victoria Ryan, ''Historical Directory of Trade Unions'', pp.221-222〕 Working conditions in the mines were poor, and mine owners struggled to attract workers, giving a strong bargaining position to the union.〔 In 1941, a dispute emerged over additional payments for working a particularly difficult seam. Official arbitration backed the mineowners, prompting more than 4,000 coal miners to strike, despite a wartime ban on industrial action. The government responded by arresting 1,000 miners and imprisoning three union officials with hard labour, but when only nine workers paid their fines, the government was forced to negotiate with the gaoled union leaders who were released after eleven days and the fines waived.〔 The union became the Kent Area of the National Union of Mineworkers in 1945, by which time, membership had reached 5,100. In 1961, 160 workers at Betteshanger were served with redundancy notices. A stay-down strike was launched, which succeeded in persuading the National Coal Board to open a new seam, allowing the workforce to remain at the same level.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kent Miners' Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.